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2. Search for a sub-eV sterile neutrino using Daya Bay's full dataset

Author

An, F. P., Bai, W. D., Balantekin, A. B., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Z. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. C., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deng, F. S., Ding, X. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dugas, K. V., Duyang, H. Y., Dwyer, D. A., Gallo, J. P., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Nguyen, T. M. T., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Russell, B., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Tmej, T., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tung, Y. C., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wong, H. L. H., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This Letter presents results of a search for the mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with three active neutrinos based on the full data sample of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, collected during 3158 days of detector operation, which contains $5.55 \times 10^{6}$ reactor \anue candidates identified as inverse beta-decay interactions followed by neutron-capture on gadolinium. The analysis benefits from a doubling of the statistics of our previous result and from improvements of several important systematic uncertainties. No significant oscillation due to mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with active neutrinos was found. Exclusion limits are set by both Feldman-Cousins and CLs methods. Light sterile neutrino mixing with $\sin^2 2\theta_{14} \gtrsim 0.01$ can be excluded at 95\% confidence level in the region of $0.01$ eV$^2 \lesssim |\Delta m^{2}_{41}| \lesssim 0.1 $ eV$^2$. This result represents the world-leading constraints in the region of $2 \times 10^{-4}$ eV$^2 \lesssim |\Delta m^{2}_{41}| \lesssim 0.2 $ eV$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2024

3. First measurement of the yield of $^8$He isotopes produced in liquid scintillator by cosmic-ray muons at Daya Bay

Author

Daya Bay Collaboration, An, F. P., Bai, W. D., Balantekin, A. B., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Z. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. C., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deng, F. S., Ding, X. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dugas, K. V., Duyang, H. Y., Dwyer, D. A., Gallo, J. P., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Nguyen, T. M. T., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Russell, B., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Tmej, T., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tung, Y. C., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wong, H. L. H., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Daya Bay presents the first measurement of cosmogenic $^8$He isotope production in liquid scintillator, using an innovative method for identifying cascade decays of $^8$He and its child isotope, $^8$Li. We also measure the production yield of $^9$Li isotopes using well-established methodology. The results, in units of 10$^{-8}\mu^{-1}$g$^{-1}$cm$^{2}$, are 0.307$\pm$0.042, 0.341$\pm$0.040, and 0.546$\pm$0.076 for $^8$He, and 6.73$\pm$0.73, 6.75$\pm$0.70, and 13.74$\pm$0.82 for $^9$Li at average muon energies of 63.9~GeV, 64.7~GeV, and 143.0~GeV, respectively. The measured production rate of $^8$He isotopes is more than an order of magnitude lower than any other measurement of cosmogenic isotope production. It replaces the results of previous attempts to determine the ratio of $^8$He to $^9$Li production that yielded a wide range of limits from 0 to 30\%. The results provide future liquid-scintillator-based experiments with improved ability to predict cosmogenic backgrounds.

Published
2024

4. Charged-current non-standard neutrino interactions at Daya Bay

Author

Daya Bay collaboration, An, F. P., Bai, W. D., Balantekin, A. B., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Z. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. C., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deng, F. S., Ding, X. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Dugas, K. V., Duyang, H. Y., Dwyer, D. A., Gallo, J. P., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Nguyen, T. M. T., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Russell, B., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Tmej, T., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tung, Y. C., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wong, H. L. H., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The full data set of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is used to probe the effect of the charged current non-standard interactions (CC-NSI) on neutrino oscillation experiments. Two different approaches are applied and constraints on the corresponding CC-NSI parameters are obtained with the neutrino flux taken from the Huber-Mueller model with a $5\%$ uncertainty. For the quantum mechanics-based approach (QM-NSI), the constraints on the CC-NSI parameters $\epsilon_{e\alpha}$ and $\epsilon_{e\alpha}^{s}$ are extracted with and without the assumption that the effects of the new physics are the same in the production and detection processes, respectively. The approach based on the weak effective field theory (WEFT-NSI) deals with four types of CC-NSI represented by the parameters $[\varepsilon_{X}]_{e\alpha}$. For both approaches, the results for the CC-NSI parameters are shown for cases with various fixed values of the CC-NSI and the Dirac CP-violating phases, and when they are allowed to vary freely. We find that constraints on the QM-NSI parameters $\epsilon_{e\alpha}$ and $\epsilon_{e\alpha}^{s}$ from the Daya Bay experiment alone can reach the order $\mathcal{O}(0.01)$ for the former and $\mathcal{O}(0.1)$ for the latter, while for WEFT-NSI parameters $[\varepsilon_{X}]_{e\alpha}$, we obtain $\mathcal{O}(0.1)$ for both cases., Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables; 36 pages, format changed, references added

Published
2024

5. Identifying the spin trapped character of the $^{32}$Si isomeric state

Author

Williams, J., Hackman, G., Starosta, K., Lubna, R. S., Choudhary, Priyanka, Srivastava, P. C., Andreoiu, C., Annen, D., Asch, H., Badanage, M. D. H. K. G., Ball, G. C., Beuschlein, M., Bidaman, H., Bildstein, V., Coleman, R., Garnsworthy, A. B., Greaves, B., Leckenby, G., Karayonchev, V., Martin, M. S., Natzke, C., Petrache, C. M., Radich, A., Raleigh-Smith, E., Rhodes, D., Russell, R., Satrazani, M., Spagnoletti, P., Svensson, C. E., Tam, D., Wu, F., Yates, D., and Yu, Z.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The properties of a nanosecond isomer in $^{32}$Si, disputed in previous studies, depend on the evolution of proton and neutron shell gaps near the `island of inversion'. We have placed the isomer at 5505.2(2) keV with $J^{\pi} = 5^-$, decaying primarily via an $E3$ transition to the $2^+_1$ state. The $E3$ strength of 0.0841(10) W.u. is unusually small and suggests that this isomer is dominated by the $(\nu d_{3/2})^{-1} \otimes (\nu f_{7/2})^{1}$ configuration, which is sensitive to the $N=20$ shell gap. A newly observed $4^+_1$ state is placed at 5881.4(13) keV; its energy is enhanced by the $Z=14$ subshell closure. This indicates that the isomer is located in a `yrast trap', a feature rarely seen at low mass numbers., Comment: Accepted, Physical Review C

Published
2023

6. Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIII. Ultraviolet Time Lag of H$\beta$ Emission in Mrk 142

Author

Khatu, V. C., Gallagher, S. C., Horne, K., Cackett, E. M., Hu, C., Pasquini, S., Hall, P., Wang, J. -M., Bian, W. -H., Li, Y. -R., Bai, J. -M., Chen, Y. -J., Du, P., Goad, M., Jiang, B. -W., Li, S. -S., Songsheng, Y. -Y., Wang, C., Xiao, M., and Yu, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We performed a rigorous reverberation-mapping analysis of the broad-line region (BLR) in a highly accreting ($L/L_{\mathrm{Edd}}=0.74-3.4$) active galactic nucleus, Markarian 142 (Mrk 142), for the first time using concurrent observations of the inner accretion disk and the BLR to determine a time lag for the $H\beta$ $\mathrm{\lambda}$4861 emission relative to the ultraviolet (UV) continuum variations. We used continuum data taken with the Niel Gehrels Swift Observatory in the UVW2 band, and the Las Cumbres Observatory, Dan Zowada Memorial Observatory, and Liverpool Telescope in the g band, as part of the broader Mrk 142 multi-wavelength monitoring campaign in 2019. We obtained new spectroscopic observations covering the $H\beta$ broad emission line in the optical from the Gemini North Telescope and the Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope for a total of 102 epochs (over a period of eight months) contemporaneous to the continuum data. Our primary result states a UV-to-$H\beta$ time lag of $8.68_{-0.72}^{+0.75}$ days in Mrk 142 obtained from light-curve analysis with a Python-based Running Optimal Average algorithm. We placed our new measurements for Mrk 142 on the optical and UV radius-luminosity relations for NGC 5548 to understand the nature of the continuum driver. The positions of Mrk 142 on the scaling relations suggest that UV is closer to the "true" driving continuum than the optical. Furthermore, we obtain $\log(M_{\bullet}/M_{\odot}) = 6.32\pm0.29$ assuming UV as the primary driving continuum., Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

16. NvDEx-100 Conceptual Design Report

Author

Cao, X., Chang, Y., Chen, K., Ciuffoli, E., Duan, L., Fang, D., Gao, C., Ghorui, S. K., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, S., Huang, Z., Lang, L., Li, Y., Li, Z., Liang, T., Liu, J., Lu, C., Mai, F., Mei, Y., Qiu, H., Sun, X., Tang, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Xiao, L., Xiao, M., Xin, J., Xu, N., Yang, P., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yu, Z., Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Zhao, C., and Zhu, D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Observing nuclear neutrinoless double beta (0vbb) decay would be a revolutionary result in particle physics. Observing such a decay would prove that the neutrinos are their own antiparticles, help to study the absolute mass of neutrinos, explore the origin of their mass, and may explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe by lepton number violation. We propose developing a time projection chamber (TPC) using high-pressure 82SeF6 gas and top-metal silicon sensors for read-out in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 82Se, called the NvDEx experiment. Besides being located at CJPL with the world's thickest rock shielding, NvDEx combines the advantages of the high Qbb (2.996 MeV) of 82Se and the TPC's ability to distinguish signal and background events using their different topological characteristics. This makes NvDEx unique, with great potential for low-background and high-sensitivity 0vbb searches. NvDEx-100, a NvDEx experiment phase with 100 kg of SeF6 gas, is being built, with plans to complete installation at CJPL by 2025. This report introduces 0vbb physics, the NvDEx concept and its advantages, and the schematic design of NvDEx-100, its subsystems, and background and sensitivity estimation.

Published
2023
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17. The Relationship Between Psychological Conditions and Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Su Y, Lu N, Wang P, Li Q, Wen H, Zhang J, Fan L, Li J, Yu Z, Cui M, and Zhang M

Subjects
covid-19, health lockdown, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, depression, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Yuanyuan Su,1,* Ning Lu,2,* Pei Wang,3,* Qian Li,2 Hua Wen,2 Jie Zhang,2 Ling Fan,2 Jie Li,2 Zhaoxiang Yu,4 Manli Cui,2 Mingxin Zhang2 1Department of General Medicine, the People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Manli Cui, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Email cuiml1587@163.com; Mingxin Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Email zmx3115@xiyi.edu.cn.Objective: This study aims to explore the nexus between students’ psychological well-being and the manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms (GISs) amid the health lockdown enforced in Xi’an, focusing on the student populace of Xi’an Medical College and Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Materials and methods: A survey encompassing psychological parameters and GISs was administered to a randomized cohort of 1327 college students drawn from Xi’an Medical College and Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The survey instrument was developed utilizing the Questionnaire Star platform. Subsequent to data collection, analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS 22.0.Results: Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant disparities (P < 0.05) in various GISs between the periods during and preceding the health lockdown, encompassing symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, acid reflux, postprandial fullness/early satiety, anorexia, decreased appetite, bloating, abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Notably, the mean score for Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) was 3.31± 3.92, indicating mild anxiety, while the mean score for Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) was 1.15± 1.28, suggesting mild depression. Detailed evaluation of anxiety revealed prevalence rates of 34% among respondents, with 34.2% of these individuals reporting concurrent GISs, while among those evaluated for depression (38.8% of the sample), 44.2% reported concurrent GISs. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis unveiled a negative correlation between GISs during the health lockdown and lifestyle scores, while positive correlations were observed with GISs preceding the lockdown, anxiety, and depression. The formulated multiple linear regression equation for GISs during the health lockdown is delineated as follows: 14.693– 0.342 life style + 0.725GISs before health lockdown + 0.218anxiety + 0.564 depression.Conclusion: This investigation underscores the substantial impact of anxiety and depression on the student body, accentuating their role in precipitating GISs during health lockdown situations. The psychological well-being of medical students during exigent circumstances such as natural disasters warrants heightened attention, necessitating proactive measures aimed at emotional regulation to mitigate the onset of GISs.Keywords: COVID-19, health lockdown, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, depression

Published
2024

18. A Novel Network Pharmacology Strategy Based on the Universal Effectiveness-Common Mechanism of Medical Herbs Uncovers Therapeutic Targets in Traumatic Brain Injury

Author

Yu Z, Ding R, Yan Q, Cheng M, Li T, Zheng F, Zhu L, Wang Y, Tang T, and Hu E

Subjects
traditional chinese medicine, medicinal plants, luteolin, azd3759, epidermal growth factor receptor, astrocyte, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Zhe Yu,1– 3 Ruoqi Ding,1– 3 Qiuju Yan,1– 3 Menghan Cheng,1– 3 Teng Li,1– 4 Fei Zheng,5 Lin Zhu,1– 4 Yang Wang,1– 4 Tao Tang,1– 4 En Hu1– 4 1Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 3Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 4Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China; 5The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: En Hu; Ruoqi Ding, Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Email znxyhe@csu.edu.cn; ruoqi_ding@outlook.comPurpose: Many herbs can promote neurological recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There must lie a shared mechanism behind the common effectiveness. We aimed to explore the key therapeutic targets for TBI based on the common effectiveness of the medicinal plants.Material and methods: The TBI-effective herbs were retrieved from the literature as imputes of network pharmacology. Then, the active ingredients in at least two herbs were screened out as common components. The hub targets of all active compounds were identified through Cytohubba. Next, AutoDock vina was used to rank the common compound-hub target interactions by molecular docking. A highly scored compound-target pair was selected for in vivo validation.Results: We enrolled sixteen TBI-effective medicinal herbs and screened out twenty-one common compounds, such as luteolin. Ten hub targets were recognized according to the topology of the protein-protein interaction network of targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecular docking analysis suggested that luteolin could bind strongly to the active pocket of EGFR. Administration of luteolin or the selective EGFR inhibitor AZD3759 to TBI mice promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function, reduced astrocyte activation and EGFR expression, decreased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans deposition, and upregulated GAP43 levels in the cortex. The effects were similar to those when treated with the selective EGFR inhibitor.Conclusion: The common effectiveness-based, common target screening strategy suggests that inhibition of EGFR can be an effective therapy for TBI. This strategy can be applied to discover core targets and therapeutic compounds in other diseases.Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants, luteolin, AZD3759, epidermal growth factor receptor, astrocyte

Published
2024

19. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Two Oxacillin-Resistant and mecA-Positive Strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Ear Swab Samples of Patients with Otitis Media

Author

Liu Z, Wang L, Sun J, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Tang S, Zhang L, Li X, Yu Z, and Zhang T

Subjects
staphylococcus haemolyticus, ear swabs, meca, antimicrobial resistance plasmid, whole genome sequence, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Zhao Liu,1,&ast; Ling Wang,2,&ast; Jiabing Sun,1,&ast; Qinghuan Zhang,3 Yue Peng,1 Susu Tang,1 Limei Zhang,4 Xiaobin Li,4,5 Zhijian Yu,1 Tao Zhang6 1Department of Otolaryngology, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, 519000, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China; 5Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tao Zhang; Zhijian Yu, Email 18045681156@163.com; yzjent@163.comObjective: Staphylococcus haemolyticus can cause a series of infections including otitis media (OM), and the oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus has become a serious health concern. This study aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics of two strains of oxacillin-resistant and mecA-positive S. haemolyticus isolated from the samples of ear swabs from patients with OM and explore their acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the mobile genetic elements (MGEs).Methods: Two oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus strains, isolated from ear swab samples of patients with OM, underwent antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation, followed by whole-genome sequencing. The acquired ARGs and the MGEs carried by the ARGs, harbored by the genomes of two strains of S. haemolyticus were identified.Results: The two strains of oxacillin-resistant S. haemolyticus (strain SH1275 and strain SH9361) both carried the genetic contexts of mecA with high similarity with the SCCmec type V(5C2& 5) subtype c. Surprisingly, the chromosomal aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6’)-aph(2”) harbored by S. haemolyticus strain SH936 was flanked by two copies of IS 256, forming the IS 256-element (IS 256-GNAT-[aac(6’)-aph(2”)]-IS 256), which was widely present in strains of both Staphylococcus and Enterococcus genus. Furthermore, the two strains of oxacillin-resistant and MDR S. haemolyticus were found to harbor antimicrobial resistance plasmids, including one 26.9-kb plasmid (pSH1275-2) containing msr(A)–mph(C)) and qacA, one mobilizable plasmid pSH1275-3 harboring vga(A)LC, one plasmid (pSH9361-1) carrying erm(C), and one plasmid (pSH9361-2) carrying qacJ.Conclusion: The systematic analysis of whole-genome sequences provided insights into the mobile genetic elements responsible for multi-drug resistance in these two strains of oxacillin-resistant and mecA-positive S. haemolyticus, which will assist clinicians in devising precise, personalized, and clinical therapeutic strategies for treating otitis media caused by multi-drug resistant S. haemolyticus.Keywords: Staphylococcus haemolyticus, ear swabs, mecA, antimicrobial resistance plasmid, whole genome sequence

Published
2024

20. Coronary Artery Fistula and Severe Coronary Artery Stenosis: A Case Report and an Insight for Potential Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Author

Liu J, Yu Z, and Wang G

Subjects
coronary artery fistulae, atherosclerosis, pathogenesis, plaque healing, endothelial injury, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Jinchun Liu,1 Zhijun Yu,2,3 Guohua Wang2 1Department of Medicine, Henan Vocational College of Nursing, Anyang, Henan Province, 455000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Second People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guohua Wang, Email wgh036@hotmail.comAbstract: Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are a rare anomaly characterized by abnormal connections between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or a great vessel, with most patients remaining asymptomatic. Despite being predisposed to severe complications like heart failure, patients with CAF infrequently experience severe stenosis in the coronary artery. This study delineates a case involving a 46-year-old male presenting with a fistula bridging the right coronary artery (RCA) and right atrium (RA), manifesting a pronounced 99% stenosis at the right extremity of the coronary artery proximal to the fistula. Concurrently, the individual exhibits six conventional risk factors: age over 40, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hypertriglyceridemia. Following pharmaceutical intervention, the patient was discharged and subjected to extended follow-up. This case highlights the dual processes of “accelerating damage” and “retarding renewal” in the progression of atherosclerosis. Factors such as shear stress, smoking, and hypertension are posited to expedite endothelial cell damage, while aging and diabetes may impede the renewal and repair of these cells. Together with the concept of secondary atherosclerotic plaque healing, this case prompts the introduction of a “Double Endothelial Healings” hypothesis, proposing a potential pathogenetic mechanism for coronary artery atherosclerosis.Keywords: coronary artery fistulae, atherosclerosis, pathogenesis, plaque healing, endothelial injury

Published
2024

21. Vitamin D Status of Preterm Newborns at Approximately 4 Weeks of Age in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study Conducted Across Two Centers

Author

Guo Y, Yu Z, Tu H, Zheng B, Li J, and Liu Y

Subjects
very preterm birth, very low birth weight infant, vitamin d, 4 weeks of age, outcome, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Yanping Guo,1 Zhangbin Yu,2 Huiying Tu,2 Biying Zheng,1 Jiamin Li,1 Ying Liu1 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanping Guo; Ying Liu, Tel +86-15919990131 ; +86-13902992158, Email guoyanping1223@163.com; 13902992158@139.comBackground and Objectives: To examine the correlation between the concentration of vitamin D (VD) in venous blood at approximately 4 weeks of age (± 4 weeks of age) and neonatal outcomes in preterm infants (birth weight < 1500 g or gestational age < 32 weeks) in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) located in Shenzhen, China.Methods and Study Design: Preterm infants were split into two groups based on their VD concentration at ± 4 weeks of age: VD insufficiency (VDI) group (≤ 20 ng/mL) and VD sufficient (VDS) group (> 20 ng/mL). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine relationships between outcomes and VDI.Results: Of 230 infants in total, 119 (51.7%) were assigned to the VDI group and 111 to the VDS group (48.3%). No correlation was found between serum VD at ± 4 weeks of age and gestational age (p> 0.05). The starting point of the two groups for oral VD intake did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). At ± 4 weeks of age, oral VD dose (P< 0.05) was greater in the VDS group. Gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with VDI (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.01– 3.75, p=0.047) after controlling for this risk. Following correction for gestational age and oral VD dosage at ± 4 weeks old, VDI was also linked to a significant risk of retinopathy of prematurity (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.08– 3.68, p< 0.027).Conclusion: Preterm newborns (gestational age < 32 weeks or birth age < 1500 g) in NICUs in Shenzhen, China continue to have significantly high VDI. Higher VDI is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and retinopathy of prematurity.Keywords: very preterm birth, very low birth weight infant, vitamin D, 4 weeks of age, outcome

Published
2024

22. Intrinsic minimum average variance estimation for sufficient dimension reduction with symmetric positive definite matrices and beyond

Author

Chen, B., Dai, S., and Yu, Z.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

In this paper, we target the problem of sufficient dimension reduction with symmetric positive definite matrices valued responses. We propose the intrinsic minimum average variance estimation method and the intrinsic outer product gradient method which fully exploit the geometric structure of the Riemannian manifold where responses lie. We present the algorithms for our newly developed methods under the log-Euclidean metric and the log-Cholesky metric. Each of the two metrics is linked to an abelian Lie group structure that transforms our model defined on a manifold into a Euclidean one. The proposed methods are then further extended to general Riemannian manifolds. We establish rigourous asymptotic results for the proposed estimators, including the rate of convergence and the asymptotic normality. We also develop a cross validation algorithm for the estimation of the structural dimension with theoretical guarantee Comprehensive simulation studies and an application to the New York taxi network data are performed to show the superiority of the proposed methods., Comment: 35 pages, 4 tables, 2 figures

Published
2023

24. Reactor neutrino physics potentials of cryogenic pure-CsI crystal

Author

Wang, L., Li, G. d., Yu, Z. Y., Liang, X. H., Wang, T. A., Liu, F., Sun, X. L., Guo, C., Zhang, X., Yu, L., and Chen, Y. D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper presents a world-leading scintillation light yield among inorganic crystals measured from a 0.5~kg pure-CsI detector operated at 77 Kelvin. Scintillation photons were detected by two 2-inch Hamamatsu SiPM arrays equipped with cryogenic front-end electronics. Benefiting the light yield enhancement of pure-CsI at low temperatures and the high photon detection efficiency of SiPM, a light yield of 30.1 photoelectrons per keV energy deposit was obtained for X-rays and $\gamma$-rays with energies from 5.9~keV to 59.6~keV. Instrumental and physical effects in the light yield measurement are carefully analyzed. This is the first stable cryogenic operation of kg-scale pure-CsI crystal readout by SiPM arrays at liquid nitrogen temperatures for several days. The world-leading light yield opens a door for the usage of pure-CsI crystal in several fields, particularly in detecting the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of reactor neutrinos. The potential of using pure-CsI crystals in neutrino physics is discussed in the paper., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures

Published
2022

25. Upper limits on the isotropic diffuse flux of cosmic PeV photons from Carpet-2 observations

Author

Dzhappuev, D. D., Afashokov, Yu. Z., Dzaparova, I. M., Dzhatdoev, T. A., Gorbacheva, E. A., Karpikov, I. S., Khadzhiev, M. M., Klimenko, N. F., Kudzhaev, A. U., Kurenya, A. N., Lidvansky, A. S., Mikhailova, O. I., Petkov, V. B., Podlesnyi, E. I., Pozdnukhov, N. A., Romanenko, V. S., Rubtsov, G. I., Troitsky, S. V., Unatlokov, I. B., Vaiman, I. A., Yanin, A. F., and Zhuravleva, K. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Isotropic diffuse gamma-ray flux in the PeV energy band is an important tool for multimessenger tests of models of the origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and for new-physics searches. So far, this flux has not yet been observed. Carpet-2 is an air-shower experiment capable of detecting astrophysical gamma rays with energies above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the upper limits on the isotropic gamma-ray flux from Carpet-2 data obtained in 1999-2011 and 2018-2022. These results, obtained with the new statistical method based on the shape of the muon-number distribution, summarize Carpet-2 observations as the upgraded installation, Carpet-3, starts its operation., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, JETPL.cls; V2: references added, version accepted by JETP Letters

Published
2022
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39. Precision measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at kilometer-scale baselines by Daya Bay

Author

Daya Bay collaboration, An, F. P., Bai, W. D., Balantekin, A. B., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. M., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Z. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, Z. K., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., Deng, F. S., Ding, Y. Y., Ding, X. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Dolzhikov, D., Dove, J., Duyang, H. Y., Dwyer, D. A., Gallo, J. P., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gu, W. Q., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Hackenburg, R. W., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, J. R., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, H. X., Huang, J. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jones, D., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Li, F., Li, H. L., Li, J. J., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. X., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, K. B., Ma, B. Z., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mandujano, R. C., Marshall, C., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Nguyen, T. M. T., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Pan, H. -R., Park, J., Patton, S., Peng, J. C., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Reveco, C. Morales, Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Russell, B., Steiner, H., Sun, J. L., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wong, H. L. H., Worcester, E., Wu, D. R., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Xia, D. M., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, T., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Young, B. L., Yu, H. Z., Yu, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zavadskyi, V., Zeng, S., Zeng, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R. Z., Zhou, L., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a new determination of the smallest neutrino mixing angle ${\theta}_{13}$ and the mass-squared difference ${\Delta}{\rm m}^{2}_{32}$ using a final sample of $5.55 \times 10^{6}$ inverse beta-decay (IBD) candidates with the final-state neutron captured on gadolinium. This sample was selected from the complete data set obtained by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment in 3158 days of operation. Compared to the previous Daya Bay results, selection of IBD candidates has been optimized, energy calibration refined, and treatment of backgrounds further improved. The resulting oscillation parameters are ${\rm sin}^{2}2{\theta}_{13} = 0.0851 \pm 0.0024$, ${\Delta}{\rm m}^{2}_{32} = (2.466 \pm 0.060) \times 10^{-3}{\rm eV}^{2}$ for the normal mass ordering or ${\Delta}{\rm m}^{2}_{32} = -(2.571 \pm 0.060) \times 10^{-3} {\rm eV}^{2}$ for the inverted mass ordering., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, 10 supplementary files

Published
2022

40. OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: H$\beta$ lags from the 6-year survey

Author

Malik, Umang, Sharp, Rob, Penton, A., Yu, Z., Martini, P., Lidman, C., Tucker, B. E., Davis, T. M., Lewis, G. F., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Alves, O., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Asorey, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carollo, D., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Raveri, M., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Taylor, G., Tucker, D. L., Weaverdyck, N., and Wilkinson, R. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Reverberation mapping measurements have been used to constrain the relationship between the size of the broad-line region and luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGN). This $R-L$ relation is used to estimate single-epoch virial black hole masses, and has been proposed for use to standardise AGN to determine cosmological distances. We present reverberation measurements made with H$\beta$ from the six-year Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES) Reverberation Mapping Program. We successfully recover reverberation lags for eight AGN at $0.12

Published
2022
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41. Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Imipenem in an Obese Adolescent Patient with Augmented Renal Clearance and History of Schizophrenia

Author

Chen Y, Han Y, Guo F, and Yu Z

Subjects
case report, imipenem, therapeutic drug monitoring, population pharmacokinetic, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yueliang Chen,1,&ast; Yun Han,2,3,&ast; Feng Guo,1 Zhenwei Yu2,3 1Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Guo; Zhenwei Yu, Email 3408003@zju.edu.cn; yzw_srrsh@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been used in treating severe infections and exhibits a time-dependent PK/PD profile. Its dose should be adjusted based on renal function. However, there is little experience with imipenem dosing in obese adolescent patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC) and history of schizophrenia. This case reported successful dosing of imipenem in an obese adolescent patient with ARC based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and model-informed precision dosing (MIPD). A 15-year-old male adolescent patient with history of schizophrenia was diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia due to carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae and received imipenem treatment (0.5 g every 8 hours with a 1-hour infusion). However, the exposure of imipenem was suboptimal due to ARC, and there is no available model for MIPD in this patient. Thus, we utilized prediction error to find a population pharmacokinetic model that fit this patient and ran Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation and Monte Carlo simulation based on screened models to predict changes in drug concentrations. The dose of imipenem was adjusted to 0.5 g every 6 hours with a 2-hour infusion, and subsequent TDM revealed that dosing adjustment was accurate and successful. Finally, the patient’s status of infection improved. This study will be beneficial to imipenem dosing in similar cases in the future, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of imipenem or other antibiotics.Keywords: case report, imipenem, therapeutic drug monitoring, population pharmacokinetic

Published
2024

42. Profile of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients and bacterial carriers of the Astrakhan region as the basis for the selection of bacteriophage producing strains for further combined phage therapy

Author

R. O. Abdrakhmanova, E. G. Tazova, G. N. Genatullina, G. R. Baeva, A. D. Daudova, Yu. Z. Demina, A. L. Yasenyavskaya, and O. V. Rubalsky

Subjects
antibiotic resistance, bacteriophage, antibiotics, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, Medicine
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of nosocomial infections, which primarily requires development of new therapeutic strategies.Aim of the study was to investigate the level and spectrum of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates for further isolation of virulent bacteriophages.Material and methods. The study used samples of clinical material obtained on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after S.M. Kirov (Astrakhan). Bacterial strains isolated from patients were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular genetic characteristics. The determination of the resistance of the isolated cultures was carried out by the disco-diffusion method using standardized commercial discs with antibiotics, in accordance with the guidelines.Results. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated during the study of clinical material from patients and analysis of sensitivity level of isolated strains of S. aureus allow us to conclude that all S. aureus isolated from patients are resistant to at least one antibiotic, and most strains are characterized by multidrug resistance to antibiotics.Conclusions. The presence of multi-resistant strains indicates the need to search for new approaches in the treatment of staphylococcal infection and to develop effective means for combination therapy based on virulent staphylococcal bacteriophages.

Published
2024
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43. Hollow Mesoporous Molybdenum Single-Atom Nanozyme-Based Reactor for Enhanced Cascade Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy

Author

Zhang Z, Yang T, Wang J, Yu Z, Qiao Y, Wang C, Yue Z, and Wu H

Subjects
nanozyme, nanocarrier, glucose oxidase, reactive oxygen species, bacterial infection, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Zhijun Zhang,1,2 Tiehong Yang,2 Jingwei Wang,2 Zhe Yu,2 Youbei Qiao,2 Chaoli Wang,2 Zhenggang Yue,1 Hong Wu2 1School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medicine Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong Wu, Department of Medicine Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 29 84776823, Email wuhong@fmmu.edu.cn Zhenggang Yue, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18092086211, Email liuxingjian1981@163.comPurpose: The remarkable peroxidase-like activity of single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) allows them to catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to •OH, rendering them highly promising for antibacterial applications. However, their practical in vivo application is hindered by the near-neutral pH and insufficient H2O2 levels present in physiological systems. This study was aimed at developing a SAzyme-based nanoreactor and investigating its in vivo antibacterial activity.Methods: We developed a hollow mesoporous molybdenum single-atom nanozyme (HMMo-SAzyme) using a controlled chemical etching approach and pyrolysis strategy. The HMMo-SAzyme not only exhibited excellent catalytic activity but also served as an effective nanocarrier. By loading glucose oxidase (GOx) with HMMo-SAzyme and encapsulating it with hyaluronic acid (HA), a nanoreactor (HMMo/GOx@HA) was constructed as glucose-triggered cascade catalyst for combating bacterial infection in vivo.Results: Hyaluronidase (HAase) at the site of infection degraded HA, allowing GOx to convert glucose into gluconic acid and H2O2. An acid environment significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of HMMo-SAzyme to promote the further catalytic conversion of H2O2 to •OH for bacterial elimination. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the nanoreactor had excellent antibacterial activity and negligible biological toxicity.Conclusion: This study represents a significant advancement in developing a cascade catalytic system with high efficiency based on hollow mesoporous SAzyme, promising the advancement of biological applications of SAzyme. Keywords: nanozyme, nanocarrier, glucose oxidase, reactive oxygen species, bacterial infection

Published
2023

44. OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: Hβ lags from the 6-yr survey

Author

Malik, U, Sharp, R, Penton, A, Yu, Z, Martini, P, Lidman, C, Tucker, BE, Davis, TM, Lewis, GF, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Alves, O, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Asorey, J, Bacon, D, Bertin, E, Bocquet, S, Brooks, D, Burke, DL, Rosell, A Carnero, Carollo, D, Kind, M Carrasco, Carretero, J, Costanzi, M, da Costa, LN, Pereira, MES, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Doel, P, Everett, S, Ferrero, I, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gerdes, DW, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Hinton, SR, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Marshall, JL, Mena-Fernández, J, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Ogando, RLC, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Pieres, A, Malagón, AA Plazas, Raveri, M, Rodriguez-Monroy, M, Romer, AK, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, M, Soares-Santos, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Taylor, G, Tucker, DL, Weaverdyck, N, and Wilkinson, RD

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, galaxies: active, galaxies: nuclei, quasars: emission lines, quasars: general, quasars: supermassive black holes, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

Reverberation mapping measurements have been used to constrain the relationship between the size of the broad-line region and luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGN). This R-L relation is used to estimate single-epoch virial black hole masses, and has been proposed to use to standardize AGN to determine cosmological distances. We present reverberation measurements made with Hβ from the 6-yr Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES) Reverberation Mapping Program. We successfully recover reverberation lags for eight AGN at 0.12 < z < 0.71, probing higher redshifts than the bulk of Hβ measurements made to date. Our fit to the R-L relation has a slope of α = 0.41 ± 0.03 and an intrinsic scatter of σ = 0.23 ± 0.02 dex. The results from our multi-object spectroscopic survey are consistent with previous measurements made by dedicated source-by-source campaigns, and with the observed dependence on accretion rate. Future surveys, including LSST, TiDES, and SDSS-V, which will be revisiting some of our observed fields, will be able to build on the results of our first-generation multi-object reverberation mapping survey.

Published
2023

45. Topological valley crystals in a photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) variant

Author

Yu, Z., Lin, H., Zhou, R., Li, Z., Mao, Z., Peng, K., Liu, Y., and Shi, X.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Progress on two-dimensional materials has shown that valleys, as energy extrema in a hexagonal first Brillouin zone, provides a new degree of freedom for information manipulation. Then valley Hall topological insulators supporting such-polarized edge states on boundaries were set up accordingly. In this paper, a two-dimensional valley photonic crystal composed of six tunable dielectric triangular pillars in unit cells is proposed in the photonic sense of a deformed Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We reveal the vortex nature of valley states and establish the selection rules for valley polarized states. Based on the valley topology, a rhombus-shaped beam splitter waveguide is designed to verify the valley-chirality selection above. Our numerical results entail that this topologically protected edge states still maintain robust transmission at sharp corners, henceforth providing a feasible idea for valley photonic devices in THz regime.

Published
2022
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49. Identifying the spin-trapped character of the Si32 isomeric state

Author

Williams, J., primary, Hackman, G., additional, Starosta, K., additional, Lubna, R. S., additional, Choudhary, Priyanka, additional, Srivastava, P. C., additional, Andreoiu, C., additional, Annen, D., additional, Asch, H., additional, Badanage, M. D. H. K. G., additional, Ball, G. C., additional, Beuschlein, M., additional, Bidaman, H., additional, Bildstein, V., additional, Coleman, R., additional, Garnsworthy, A. B., additional, Greaves, B., additional, Leckenby, G., additional, Karayonchev, V., additional, Martin, M. S., additional, Natzke, C., additional, Petrache, C. M., additional, Radich, A., additional, Raleigh-Smith, E., additional, Rhodes, D., additional, Russell, R., additional, Satrazani, M., additional, Spagnoletti, P., additional, Svensson, C. E., additional, Tam, D., additional, Wu, F., additional, Yates, D., additional, and Yu, Z., additional

Published
2023
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